India faces a very challenging strategic environment, with its immediate opponents possessing significant capabilities and militaries that are modernizing rapidly. The gradual shift in the balance of power from the West to the East has introduced security competition among the major states in Asia. As India’s economic and military profile grows, it faces a range of internal and external security challenges.
Cross border terrorism, fuelled by Pakistan, is one of the primary challenges that India faces. Memories of the Pathankot and the Pulwama attacks are still fresh in our minds. Moreover, India has disputed boundaries with both Pakistan and China, which have remained contentious for decades and are likely to cause more challenges in the future with the growing assertiveness of these neighbors.
On top of that, India faces a big internal security challenge in the form of Naxalism. Several parts of states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, etc have been victims of Naxal violence, where time and again local mainstream leaders and the paramilitary forces have faced deadly attacks.
The recent rise of communalism is turning out to be another great challenge. Communal harmony is necessary for a diverse ethnic and religious nation like India, lack of which can even result in a civil war, as happened in Sri Lanka.
To address these issues, India must modernize its forces and develop a comprehensive long term defense strategy. Moreover, bringing the Naxalites and separatists into the mainstream will also help in tackling these challenges. Lastly, it must forge strategic partnerships with other nations to counter the threat from its neighbors.
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