Urbanization is the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population come to live in the city. There are several causes that can be attributed to this phenomenon. The increase in population is the first reason which significantly contributes to it. The greater the number of people, the greater will be the need for the expansion of cities.
The second dominant factor responsible for the phenomenon is the migration of population from the rural to the urban. Employment opportunities in cities are one of the major attractions. Many industries are located in cities and offer opportunities for high urban wages. There are also better educational and healthcare facilities, and several other factors that provide people with the hope of gaining a better standard of living. All of these factors allure people to move towards urban areas.
Urbanization has both positive and negative consequences. It signifies the economic prosperity of a nation and stimulates innovation and development in business, science, technology, and industry. However, these many benefits of urban life do not apply to all. Rapid population increases and unplanned growth create an urban sprawl with negative economic, social, and environmental consequences. As a result, in some cases, urban residents have to strain even for the most basic amenities such as housing, water supply, sewerage, and solid waste disposal, etc.
In conclusion, one can say that although urbanization is desirable for the advancement of a society and country, its implementation in an unplanned manner can have equally undesirable consequences.
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